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1.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(1): 51-56, feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-734738

RESUMO

Introduction: Perforated marginal ulcer is a serious event that usually requires reoperation and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Characterization and management of these patients is still debated. Objective: To describe a series of patients subjected to a laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) that evolved with a perforated marginal ulcer. Material and Methods: Records of patients undergoing a LGBP the last 10 years and evolved with a perforated marginal ulcer were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features, treatment and perioperative morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: During this period 2,095 patients were subjected to a LGBP, 12 of them presented a perforated marginal ulcer, corresponding to 10 women and 2 men. Mean age was 39 (21-60) and mean body mass index at the time of initial surgery was 34 (29.3 to 38.6). Ten patients were smoker at the moment of perforation. The occurrence of this happened at a mean of 27 months (range 3-54, median 23.5) after surgery. Eleven cases had a surgical resolution, with a laparoscopic approach in 9 of them and laparotomy on 2. In all cases, a perforated ulcer in the jejunal side of the gastro-jejunal anastomosis was found. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with surgery. Conclusions: In our experience the occurrence of perforated marginal ulcer after a LGBP develops in a small percentage of patients. The laparoscopic approach is of choice, presenting a low morbidity and mortality. Smoking was present in most patients.


Introducción: La perforación de una úlcera marginal es un evento grave que suele requerir una reoperación y se asocia a morbimortalidad. El manejo de estos pacientes es debatido y complejo. Objetivo: Describir una serie de pacientes operados de bypass gástrico laparoscópico (BPGLP) que evolucionaron con una úlcera marginal perforada. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas de pacientes operados de BPGL los últimos 10 años y que evolucionaron con una úlcera marginal perforada. Se analizaron las características clínicas, de tratamiento y morbimortalidad perioperatoria. Resultados: Durante este período se operaron 2.095 pacientes de BPGLP, 12 de los cuales presentaron una úlcera marginal perforada, correspondientes a 10 mujeres y 2 hombres. El promedio de edad fue 39 años (21-60) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio al momento de la primera cirugía fue 34 (29,3-38,6). Diez pacientes tenían hábito tabáquico activo al momento de la perforación. La ocurrencia de esta sucedió en promedio a los 27 meses (rango 3-54, mediana 23,5) de la cirugía. En 11 casos la resolución fue quirúrgica, mediante abordaje laparoscópico en 9 y laparotomía en 2. En todos los casos se encontró una úlcera perforada en la vertiente yeyunal de la gastro-yeyuno anastomosis. No hubo mortalidad ni morbilidad asociada a la cirugía. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia la ocurrencia de úlcera marginal perforada post BPGLP se desarrolla en un bajo porcentaje de pacientes. El abordaje laparoscópico es de elección, presentando una baja morbimortalidad. El hábito tabáquico estuvo presente en la mayoría de los pacientes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Úlcera Péptica Perfurada/cirurgia , Úlcera Péptica Perfurada/etiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 65(6): 554-559, dic. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-698653

RESUMO

Laparoscopic liver resection is a technique that has boomed over time. Published related reports have increased exponentially in the last decade, leading to comparative studies and meta-analysis. Three types of technical approaches have been identified: pure laparoscopic, hand-assisted and hybrids procedures. While no precise indications exist for each method, the choice of each will depend on the type of surgical procedure and the surgeon's experience. Primarily only benign lesions were accepted for a laparoscopic intervention. Today malignant lesions, including metastases, are being resected via minimally invasive approach. Case selection may benefit in successful operative outcomes. Ideally, single lesions, less than 5 cm, peripheral and located at lateral or peripheral segments (II-VI) are better suited for laparoscopic liver resection. In addition, these procedures will be likely to succeed under expert experienced laparoscopic liver surgeons that have the best available technology within their reach. Reported results support the use of this technique when compared with open surgery in regards to minor: blood loss, use of opioids, time to oral intake, length of stay and complications. Furthermore, total costs are at least similar to the open approach. Most importantly, results from 5-year follow up studies of patients with malignant disease, in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival were equivalent to open surgery...


La resección hepática laparoscópica constituye una técnica que ha tenido gran desarrollo con el tiempo. Los reportes publicados han aumentado, dando paso a estudios comparativos y meta análisis. Se han diferenciado tres tipos de procedimientos, los laparoscópicos puros, los mano-asistidos y los híbridos. Si bien no hay indicaciones precisas para cada técnica, la elección de cada una de ellas dependerá del procedimiento y la experiencia del cirujano. Inicialmente sólo se aceptaba la resección de lesiones benignas, mientras hoy también se acepta para lesiones malignas, incluyendo metástasis. Se ha definido que las lesiones ideales para resecar son: lesiones únicas, menores a 5 cm, de ubicación periférica y de los segmentos laterales o periféricos (II al VI). A esto se suma que sólo cirujanos expertos que cuenten con toda la tecnología necesaria disponible sean los encargados de realizar estos procedimientos. Los resultados reportados avalan el uso de esta técnica al compararla con cirugía abierta en lo que respecta a menores: pérdidas sanguíneas, uso de opioides, tiempo a la ingesta oral, estadía hospitalaria y complicaciones, considerando que los costos totales son al menos similares a la técnica abierta. Sin embargo, lo más importante es que durante el seguimiento de los pacientes con patología maligna, los resultados oncológicos a 5 años han sido equivalentes a la cirugía abierta en lo que respecta a sobrevida libre de enfermedad y sobrevida total...


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Seleção de Pacientes
4.
Rev. chil. cir ; 65(5): 396-401, set. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-688444

RESUMO

Introduction: gastric carcinoid is a very low frequency tumor. A proportion of them require surgery to control the disease. The ideal surgical treatment is controversial. Aim: to describe the perioperative and follow-up course of patients with gastric carcinoid subjected to laparoscopic gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: retrospective study of patients undergoing some type of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric carcinoid the last 10 years. We collected demographic background, preoperative evaluation, type of surgery, complications and follow-up. Results: during the study period were operated 7 patients, 5 were men. The average age was 54 years. In three patients the diagnosis was a finding, while the rest had abdominal pain associated with nonspecific symptoms. Four patients had a type I gastric carcinoid associated with chronic gastritis and hypergastrinemia, and the others had a type III gastric carcinoid. Six patients underwent lapa-roscopic total gastrectomy while in the remaining patient (type III) was subtotal. There were no postoperative complications. During follow-up one patient required a reoperation for mechanical ileus secondary to adhesions and one patient required endoscopic dilatation because esophagoyeyunostomy stenosis. At 32 months of median follow-up (1-52) no patient has relapsed. Conclusion: laparoscopic gastrectomy is an alternative in the surgical treatment of patients with gastric carcinoid. It's safe and represent adequate oncological results in the short and medium term.


Introducción: el carcinoide gástrico es un tumor de muy baja frecuencia. Una proporción de ellos requiere de cirugía para controlar la enfermedad. El tratamiento quirúrgico ideal es controversial. Objetivo: describir los resultados perioperatorios y de seguimiento de pacientes con carcinoide gástrico de indicación quirúrgica, sometidos a gastrectomía laparoscópica. Materiales y Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a algún tipo de gastrectomía por vía laparoscópica por carcinoide gástrico en los últimos 10 años. Se recopilaron antecedentes demográficos, estudio preoperatorio, tipo de cirugía, complicaciones y seguimiento. Resultados: durante el período de estudio se operaron 7 pacientes, 5 eran hombres. El promedio de edad fue 54 años. En tres pacientes el diagnóstico fue por hallazgo mientras que en el resto la presentación fue dolor abdominal asociado a síntomas inespecíficos. Cuatro pacientes presentaban un carcinoide tipo I asociado a gastritis crónica e hipergastrinemia, mientras el resto presentaba un carcinoide tipo III. En 6 pacientes se realizó una gastrectomía total por vía laparoscópica mientras que en el paciente restante (tipo III) fue subtotal. No hubo complicaciones postoperatorias. Durante el seguimiento un paciente requirió una re-exploración quirúrgica por un íleo mecánico secundario a bridas y otro paciente requirió dilatación endoscópica por estenosis de la esófago-yeyuno anastomosis. A los 32 meses de seguimiento promedio (1-52) ningún paciente ha recidivado. Conclusión: la gastrectomía laparoscópica constituye una alternativa quirúrgica en el tratamiento de los pacientes con carcinoide gástrico. Es una cirugía segura y de resultados oncológicos adecuados en el seguimiento a corto y mediano plazo de este tipo de pacientes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gastrectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Tumor Carcinoide/cirurgia , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Seguimentos , Tempo de Internação , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Tumor Carcinoide/patologia
5.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 24(4): 273-285, 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-786568

RESUMO

Gastric carcinoid corresponds to a rare malignancy, whose frequency increases with time. Several arguments attempt to explain this change. It ́s derived from one type of gastric neuroendocrine cell, the enterochromaffin-like cells. Various classifications have been used, however, the 1993 classification of Rindi remains the most used, which includes 3 types of gastric carcinoid based on its associated conditions, frequency, morphology, pathophysiology and prognosis. Also, a fourth type has been recognized that would represent a more aggressive neoplasm, like an adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis requires an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, biopsies and ideally levels of chromogranin A as a serum marker. Once the type of gastric carcinoid is established the proper management can range from simple observation, endoscopic resection or surgery. In the case of metastatic disease a number of other treatments that might even eventually include liver transplantation are added. It is still much to learn from this disease, with many controversies in the pathophysiology and management, some of which we will try to clarify in the following article...


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/classificação , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Tumor Carcinoide/classificação , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Tumor Carcinoide/terapia
6.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(4): 346-351, ago. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-646963

RESUMO

Introduction: Hydatidosis is an endemic disease in our country caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The lung is the second most affected organ in humans. Objective: To review the results of surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in Hospital Base Osorno and analyze its presentation, surgical treatment and results of complicated and uncomplicated forms. Material and Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with pulmonary hydatidosis operated at the Surgery Department of Hospital Base Osorno between January 2001 and may 2011. Results: We reviewed data from 27 patients (21 men and 6 women) with 39 pulmonary hydatid cysts in total. The average age was 35 +/- 16.2. The average number of cysts per patient was 1.4 +/- 0.6. Four patients (15 percent) had bilateral disease. Fifteen patients (55.5 percent) had complicated cysts and 12 (44.5 percent) had uncomplicated cysts. Fever and cough were significantly more frequent in patients with complicated cysts (p < 0.05). Twenty nine pericystectomies with capitonaje were performed, 9 without capitonaje and one right lower lobectomy. There were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality between groups. Discussion: Pulmonary hydatidosis has a low frequency of occurrence, debuting mainly in young patients. Their complicated forms differ in some aspects of their presentation with uncomplicated cysts; however, in our series there were no differences in postoperative results.


Introducción: La hidatidosis es una enfermedad endémica en nuestro país, producida por el céstodo Echinococcus granulosus. El pulmón es el segundo órgano más afectado en el humano. Objetivo: Revisar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hidatidosis pulmonar en el Hospital Base Osorno y analizar su presentación, tratamiento quirúrgico y resultados de sus formas complicada y no complicada. Material y Métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con hidatidosis pulmonar intervenidos en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Base Osorno entre enero de 2001 y mayo de 2011. Resultados: Se revisaron los datos de 27 pacientes (21 hombres y 6 mujeres) con 39 quistes hidatídicos pulmonares en total. El promedio de edad fue 35 +/- 16,2 años. El promedio de quistes por paciente fue de 1,4 +/- 0,6. Cuatro pacientes (15 por ciento) presentaron enfermedad bilateral. Quince pacientes (55,5 por ciento) presentaron quistes complicados y 12 (44,5 por ciento) no complicados. La fiebre y la tos fueron significativamente más frecuentes en los pacientes con quistes complicados (p < 0,05). Se realizaron 29 periquistectomías asociadas a capitonaje, 9 sin capitonaje y una lobectomía inferior derecha. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a morbilidad ni mortalidad entre los grupos. Discusión: La hidatidosis pulmonar tiene una baja frecuencia de presentación, debutando principalmente en pacientes jóvenes. Sus formas complicadas difieren en algunos aspectos de su presentación con los quistes no complicados, sin embargo, en nuestra serie no se encontraron diferencias en los resultados postoperatorios.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equinococose Pulmonar/cirurgia , Equinococose Pulmonar/complicações , Seguimentos , Tempo de Internação , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Toracotomia , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(3): 233-237, jun. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627103

RESUMO

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is effective and safe in treating obese patients with BMI > 40, however, higher preoperative weight could increases morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe and compare the perioperative and mid term outcomes between hiperobese and morbidly obese patients submitted to gastric bypass. Material and Method: A prospective study of hiperobese patients submitted to gastric bypass over the past 10 years. We analyzed clinical characteristics, perioperative morbimortality and resolution of comor-bidities. The results were compared with a group of morbidly obese patients matched by age and sex. Results: 146 hiperobese were operated and compared with 165 morbidly obese patients. 66.8 percent were female and the average age of the total group was 39.9 +/- 12.4 years, with no significant differences between groups by sex and age. The average BMI was 53 and 44.4 respectively. 21.5 percent had diabetes mellitus 2, 39.5 percent hypertension, 31 percent dislipidemia and 8.4 percent osteoarthritis, with no significant differences between groups except for a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in the morbidly obeses (p = 0.001). 10.4 percent had surgical complications during the postoperative period, with no differences between both groups (p = 0.24). One year later all patients had a significant decrease in weight, however, hiperobeses showed a more pronounced decrease (p = 0.001). The fasting glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels also showed a significant decrease without reaching differences between the groups. Conclusions: The gastric bypass is effective in achieving weight loss and resolution of comorbidities in morbidly obese as well as hiperobese patients, with no significant differences in surgical complications and mortality.


Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica es efectiva y segura en el tratamiento de obesos con IMC > 40, sin embargo, a mayor peso preoperatorio podría aumentar la morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Describir y comparar los resultados perioperatorios y a mediano plazo entre hiperobesos y obesos mórbidos sometidos a bypass gástrico. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes hiperobesos operados de bypass gástrico los últimos 10 años. Se analizaron características clínicas, morbimortalidad perioperatoria y resolución de comorbilidades. Se compararon los resultados con un grupo de obesos mórbidos pareados por edad y sexo. Resultados: Se operaron 146 hiperobesos, que fueron comparados con 165 obesos mórbidos. El 66,8 por ciento fueron mujeres y el promedio de edad fue 39,9 +/- 12,4 años, no encontramos diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos por sexo y edad. El IMC promedio fue 53 y 44,4 respectivamente. El 21,5 por ciento tenía diabetes mellitus 2, el 39,5 por ciento hipertensión arterial, el 31 por ciento dislipidemia y el 8,4 por ciento artrosis, sin encontrar diferencias significativas, a excepción de una mayor prevalencia de dislipidemia en los obesos mórbidos (p = 0,001). Un 10,4 por ciento presentó complicaciones quirúrgicas durante el postoperatorio, no existiendo diferencias entre ambos grupos (p = 0,24). Al año todos los pacientes presentaban un descenso significativo del peso, sin embargo, los hiperobesos presentaban un descenso más acentuado (p = 0,001). Los niveles de glicemia en ayunas, colesterol y triglicéridos también presentaron un descenso significativo sin lograr diferencias entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: El bypass gástrico es efectivo en la baja de peso y resolución de comorbilidades tanto en obesos mórbidos como hiperobesos, sin presentar diferencias significativas en las complicaciones quirúrgicas y mortalidad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comorbidade , /epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Redução de Peso
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(1): 25-31, feb. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627074

RESUMO

Background: The adrenal incidentaloma is a lesion found on imaging studies for diagnosis of non-adrenal disorders. Most of these patients are not of surgical treatment. Our objective was to describe the clinical features and results of surgical management of adrenal incidentalomas in the Hospital de la Universidad de Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. Period 2000 to 2009. Information was gathered from medical records and biopsies registers of patients with operated adrenal incidentaloma. Results: We evaluated 24 patients undergoing surgery, 66.7 percent female, 58.3 percent between 41 and 70 years. 58.3 percent were found in the study of abdominal pain. Surgical indications were: size ≥ 4 cm, enlarged in controls, atypical features in the abdominal and pelvic CT and/or functionality. 54.2 percent were ≥ 4 cm, 16.7 percent increase in size in controls, 45.8 percent had atypical features in the abdominal and pelvic CT and 33.3 percent were functioning, being the most frequent hypercortisolism. In 87.5 percent of patients the approach was laparoscopically. The morbidity was 12.6 percent (pneumonia, wound infection and stroke) and perioperative mortality was 0 percent. Discussion: The adrenal incidentaloma is a rare indication for surgery of adrenal tumors. Before the intervention should be studies in order to evaluate functionality and suspicion of malignancy. Functionating tumors and suspicious of malignancy should be resected, being the laparoscopic approach the election, likely in most cases.


Introducción: El incidentaloma suprarrenal es aquella lesión encontrada como hallazgo en estudios imagenológicos para el diagnóstico de desórdenes no suprarrenales. La gran mayoría de esos pacientes no son de resorte quirúrgico. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características clínicas y resultados del manejo quirúrgico de los incidentalomas suprarrenales operados en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo. Período 2000-2009. Se obtuvo información de fichas clínicas y registro de biopsias de los pacientes operados por incidentaloma suprarrenal. Resultados: Se evaluaron 24 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente, el 66,7 por ciento sexo femenino, el 58,3 por ciento entre los 41 y los 70 años. El 58,3 por ciento se pesquisaron durante el estudio de dolor abdominal. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas fueron: tamaño ≥ 4 cm, aumento de tamaño en controles, características atípicas en la TC abdomino-pelviana y/o la funcionalidad. El 54,2 por ciento fueron ≥ de 4 cm, 16,7 por ciento aumento de tamaño en controles, 45,8 por ciento tenía características atípicas en la TC abdomino-pelviana y 33,3 por ciento fueron funcionantes, siendo lo más frecuente el hipercortisolismo. El 87,5 por ciento de los pacientes se abordaron por vía laparoscópica. La morbilidad fue de 12,6 por ciento (neumonía, infección de herida operatoria y AVE) y la mortalidad peri operatoria fue de 0 por ciento. Discusión: El incidentaloma suprarrenal es una indicación infrecuente de cirugía de tumores suprarrenales. Antes de la intervención deben estudiarse con el propósito de evaluar funcionalidad y sospecha de malignidad. Los tumores funcionantes y sospechosos de malignidad deben ser resecados, siendo la vía laparoscópica la de elección, factible en la gran mayoría de los casos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Tempo de Internação , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 23(2): 139-147, 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022591

RESUMO

Gastrin is a polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by G cells of the gastric antrum. Its main function is the regulation of gastric acidity, through the release of histamine, which ultimately acts on the parietal cell. There are a number of pathological conditions characterized by persistent hypergastrinemia will cause various effects, from peptic disease to cancer. Most research points to clarify their involvement in processes of proliferation of different cell types and thus to find a treatment for cancer. Intermediates molecules have been described for the metabolism of gastrin, which also possess the property of stimulating the proliferation of various cell lines and participated in processes of cell migration and invasion. Using molecular bioengineering has been able to modify the original molecule to create receptor antagonist and thus able to address some of the associated diseases. Much of this hormone, described over a century ago, is still unknown (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Gastrinas/fisiologia , Gastrinas/classificação , Gastrinas/efeitos adversos , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Hormônios Gastrointestinais/fisiologia
10.
Rev. chil. cir ; 63(2): 170-177, abr. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-582968

RESUMO

Introduction: Abdominal ultrasound is the initial diagnosis tool for gallbladder disease and laparoscopic surgery is the gold standard approach. The aim of this study was to validate 10 years after, the ultrasonographic and laparoscopic findings previously proposed by our team to forecast laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of difficulties and perioperative complications. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 336 patients operated by laparoscopy between June and ¡December 2007 in our center. Ultrasound findings were classified according to the classification proposed in 1997 based on the thickness of the gallbladder wall, lumen and the presence of gallstones or sonic shadow. Results: Type I and IIA cholecystitis had a lower percentage of intraoperative difficulties (14.9 and 32.8 percent respectively) and conversion to open surgery (1.1 vs 1.7 percent respectively), whereas type LIB and III were associated greater presence of difficulties (51.3 percent and 71.4 percent respectively) and conversion rate (9.2 percent and 23.8 percent respectively). Conclusions: this classification is a useful tool in de correlation of ultrasonographic and laparoscopic findings in acute and chronic cholecystitis, helping the surgeon in predicting surgical problems, complications and risk of conversion to open surgery and supports the results previously published.


Introducción: La ecografia abdominal constituye el examen inicial en la patología vesicular; la cirugía laparoscópica es la vía de abordaje de elección. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar, 10 años después, la clasificación ecográfica y su correlación con los hallazgos laparoscópicos, propuesta previamente por nuestro equipo de trabajo para pronóstico de la colecistectomía laparoscópica en cuanto a dificultades y complicaciones peri operatorias. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 336 pacientes operados por vía laparoscópica entre junio y diciembre de 2007 en nuestro centro. Los hallazgos ecográficos se clasificaron de acuerdo a la clasificación propuesta en 1997, basada en el grosor de la pared vesicular, la presencia de lumen y de cálculos o sombra sónica. Programa Stata 9.1. Se realizó prueba de comparación de proporciones con p < 0,05. Resultados: Las colecistitis tipo I y IIA tuvieron menor porcentaje de dificultades intraoperatorias (14,9 y 32,8 por ciento) y de conversión a cirugía abierta (1,1 y 1,7 por ciento), mientras que las tipo IIB y III se asociaron a una mayor presencia de dificultades (51,3 por ciento y 71,4 por ciento respectivamente) y porcentaje de conversión (9,2 y 23,8 por ciento respectivamente). Conclusiones: esta clasificación constituye una herramienta útil en la correlación de hallazgos ecográficos y laparoscópicos en colecistitis crónica y aguda, ayudando al cirujano en la predicción de problemas quirúrgicos, complicaciones y riesgo de conversión a cirugía abierta, apoyando los resultados previamente publicados.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Colecistite/cirurgia , Colecistite/classificação , Colecistite , Doença Crônica , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Colecistite Aguda/classificação , Colecistite Aguda , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
11.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(3): 195-203, 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647604

RESUMO

Introduction: Penetrating neck trauma is a rare disease, but with high severity that affects the Emergency Room Services. Morbidity and mortality are due to injury of vascular structures and the aerodigestive tract. Conservative or surgical management depends on hemodynamic stability, the affected cervical zone and the presence of clinical signs of alert. Objective: To describe cervical penetrating trauma managed in the emergency unit of the Hospital Base Osorno, between January 2004 and April 2011 and review the literature. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients with penetrating cervical trauma seen at our center in this period. Results: Twelve patients were treated, nine were male. The average age was 29 years, ranging from 4 to 55 years. Zone II was the most affected with 9cases. Eight were stab injuries. The main surgical indications were active bleeding, subcutaneous emphysema and air exiting from the wound. The average length of hospital stay was 3,9 days. One patient died. Conclusions: In our center, penetrating neck trauma is a rare disease, which usually requires a surgical approach, forcing the emergency surgeon to be aware of warning signs to determine the need for surgical exploration or conservative management.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesões das Artérias Carótidas , Ferimentos Penetrantes/cirurgia , Traumatismos Torácicos/cirurgia , Lesões do Pescoço/cirurgia , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia
12.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(3): 211-220, 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647606

RESUMO

Vaginal prolapse is a very common disorder in the general female population. Because it is so common and often asymptomatically, there is no exact definition of this condition. Additionally its exact prevalence is not known. There are multiple risk factors that cause vaginal prolapse, for example age and vaginal deliveries are the most common, and nevertheless it is considered a multifactorial process. From the surgical point of view the most accepted theory for its production is site-specific tears that would generate the prolapse as they occur. Its diagnosis is clinical and is currently classified into four stages according to the degree of descent that exists with respect to the hymen. There are many different types of treatment, and the most used are pessaries, physiotherapy and surgery. The following is a review that covers various relevant aspects of the vaginal prolapse, his confrontation and treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Prolapso Uterino/diagnóstico , Prolapso Uterino/etiologia , Prolapso Uterino/terapia
13.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(3): 221-229, 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647607

RESUMO

The etiological search of pelvic organ prolapse has led to the study of connective tissue that surrounds it directly, called endopelvic fascia. So there have been several studies looking for changes in the main types of collagen existing in this area, trying to describe the changes that they would experience in order to facilitate the prolapse. It has been postulated mainly a decrease in collagen content, thereby reducing the tensile strength of the suspension elements of the pelvic organs and thus descent occurring. However, the literature has been discordant, and published numerous studies that show an increase of collagen in this area, which could be due to a state of pelvic floor repair in patients with various recognized risk factors. Most publications have different biases that preclude a completely valid conclusion. Because of this, still is not clear what changes would experience at the histological level the endopelvic fascia and there is no consensus among different centers. Here is a review of existing literature on this subject with emphasis on different molecular and histological findings of each study and their biases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Colágeno/metabolismo , Prolapso Uterino/etiologia , Prolapso Uterino/patologia
14.
Cuad. cir ; 25(1): 25-30, 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695677

RESUMO

Introducción: La videotoracoscopía constituye un abordaje mínimamente invasivo del tórax de gran desarrollo en las últimas décadas, permitiendo la realización de prácticamente todos los procedimientos quirúrgicos del tórax. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con el uso de la videotoracoscopía, sus resultados y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Material y métodos: Se revisó una serie de casos retrospectiva de todos los pacientes intervenidos por vía videotoracoscópica en el Hospital Base Osorno, entre Octubre del 2005 y Septiembre del 2011. Resultados: Se realizaron 31 videotoracoscopías en 29 pacientes. Dieciocho (62 por ciento) pacientes fueron de sexo masculino y 11 (28 por ciento) de sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 46,2 +- 16 años de edad. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron: estudio de nódulos pulmonares sospechosos de metástasis, empiema pleural y derrame pleural en estudio. Los procedimientos realizados con mayor frecuencia fueron debridaje y aseo, biopsia incisional y biopsia en cuña de nódulos pulmonares. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 80,1 +- 43,4 minutos. El tiempo de hospitalización post operatoria promedio fue de 10 +- 10,1 días (rango 1 a 36 días). No hubo mortalidad perioperatoria en la serie. Discusión: Nuestros resultados son satisfactorios y acorde a los reportados en la literatura.


Introduction: the video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) is a minimally invasive approach to thoracic surgery with a great development in recent decades, allowing the performance of almost all thoracic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to present our initial experience with the use of VATS, its results and review the literature. Material and methods: We reviewed a retrospective case series of all patients undergoing VATS in the Hospital Base Osorno between October 2005 and September 2011. Results: We performed 31 VATS in 29 patients. Eighteen (62 percent patients were male and 11 (28 percent female. The average age was 46.2 +- 16 years. The most frequent indications were: study of suspected pulmonary metastasis, pleural empyema and pleura effusion. The most frequently performed procedures were drainage, incisional biopsy and wedge biopsy of lung nodules. The mean operative time was 80.1 +- 43.4 minutes. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 10 +- 10.1 days (range 1 to 36 days). There was no mortality. Discussion: Our results are satisfactory and consistent with those reported in the literature.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/métodos , Empiema Pleural/cirurgia , Pneumotórax/cirurgia , Toracoscopia/métodos , Derrame Pleural/cirurgia , Tempo de Internação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Técnicas de Janela Pericárdica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(4): 348-354, ago. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-565359

RESUMO

Surgical treatment of lung metastases (LM) is a therapy used for several types of metastatic cancers. However, the type of surgery and its outcome is controversial. Aim: To describe a series of patients with LM undergoing surgical treatment, their results and long-term follow up. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all the medical records of patients with the diagnosis of LM, of whatever origin, operated at our hospital between the years 2002 and 2008. We analyzed their clinical characteristics, treatment, morbidity, mortality and results. Results: During this period 24 patients with LM were operated. The mean age was 52.8 +/- 16.6 years. Most patients had kidney cancer as primary tumour. The usual clinical presentation was multiple bilateral nodules. The surgical approach was in general a video-thoracoscopy (40.9 percent) associated with a wedge resection of the lesions (81.8 percent). In 83.4 percent of cases, there were no post-operative complications. Seventy six percent of the patients relapse, in an average of 16.7 +/- 12 months and 68.7 percent were reoperated for a new resection. The probability of surviving more than 3 and 5 years post metastasectomy was 57 percent and 36 percent respectively. Conclusions: In this series the LM were mostly secondary to renal cancer. The video-thoracoscopy is an emergent and safe technique in the treatment of LM, being the main type of surgical approach in our patients. Despite the high percentage of reoperations, the survival rate is comparable to the rest of the published series.


El tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis pulmonares (MP) constituye una terapia usada para varios tipos de cánceres metastásicos. Sin embargo, el tipo de cirugía y sus resultados es controversial, por lo que hemos decidido estudiarla. Objetivo: Describir clínicamente una serie de pacientes con MP sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico, sus resultados y seguimiento a largo plazo. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas de pacientes con el diagnóstico de MP, de cualquier origen, operados en nuestro hospital entre los años 2002 y 2008. Se analizaron las características clínicas, tratamiento, morbimortalidad y resultados. Resultados: Durante este período se operaron 24 pacientes por MP. El promedio de edad fue 52,8 +/- 16,6 años. La mayoría de los pacientes tenía un cáncer renal como tumor primario. La forma habitual de presentación fueron múltiples nodulos bilaterales. El abordaje quirúrgico más frecuente fue por videotoracoscopía (40,9 por ciento) asociado a una resección en cuña de las lesiones (81,8 por ciento). En el 83,4 por ciento no hubo complicaciones post operatorias. El 76,4 por ciento de los pacientes recidivó, en promedio a los 16,7 +/-12 meses y el 68,7 por ciento fue reintervenido para una nueva resección. La probabilidad de sobrevivir más de 3 y 5 años post me-tastasectomía fue de 57 por ciento y 36 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: En esta serie las MP fueron principalmente secundarias a cáncer renal. La videotoracoscopía es una cirugía emergente y segura en el tratamiento de las MP, siendo la principal forma de abordaje quirúrgico en nuestros pacientes. A pesar del elevado porcentaje de reintervenciones, la sobrevida es comparable al resto de las series publicadas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Pneumonectomia , Análise de Sobrevida , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(2): 119-124, abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-563781

RESUMO

Introduction: The phyllodes tumor (PT) of the breast is a rare disease of unknown origin. Despite its classification into benign, borderline and malignant, their behavior tends to be uncertain. Because of this, treatment remains controversial. Objective: To describe the management of the FT in breast pathology unit of our hospital and their outcomes. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the files of the patients with PT, operated in our hospital between 2001 and 2008. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnostic studies, treatment and outcomes. Results: During this period 12 patients were operated. The ave-rage age was 42 +/- 15.2 years (16-64) and usually the form of presentation was painless palpable nodule. Both mammography and ultrasound were unable to suggest the diagnosis. Eight patients had core biopsy, which revealed the diagnosis of PT in 5, while in the other 3 was fibroadenoma. All patients underwent a partial mastectomy. The biopsy showed six benign, two borderline and two malignant PT. The latter two patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. At the end of this study, 2 patients had relapsed at 12 and 30 months (borderline and benign, respectively). There were no cases of lymphatic or distant metastases. Conclusions: The PT has a low frequency of presentation and preoperative diagnosis is difficult, so we recommend a core biopsy, but it can confuse with fibroadenoma. The management with partial mastectomy and negative borders had a recurrence rate of 18 percent in this series.


Introducción: El tumor filoides (TF) de la mama es una patología poco frecuente y origen desconocido. A pesar de su clasificación en benignos, borderline y malignos, su comportamiento tiende a ser incierto. Debido a esto su tratamiento sigue siendo controversial. Objetivo: Describir el manejo del TF en la unidad de patología mamaria del Hospital San José y sus resultados. Material y Método: Se revisaron las fichas de las pacientes con diagnóstico de TF, operadas en nuestro hospital entre los años 2001 y 2009. Se analizaron las características clínicas, estudios diagnósticos, tratamiento y resultados. Resultados: Durante este período se operaron 12 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue 42 +/- 15,2 años (16-64) y habitualmente la forma de presentación fue nodulo palpable indoloro. Tanto la mamografía como la ecografía fueron incapaces de sugerir el diagnóstico. Ocho pacientes tenían biopsia core, la cual evidenció el diagnóstico de TF en 5, mientras que en las otras 3 resultó fibroadenoma. Todas las pacientes fueron sometidas a mastectomía parcial. En seis pacientes resultó ser TF benigno, en dos borderline y en dos maligno. Estas últimas dos pacientes recibieron radioterapia adyuvante. Al término de este estudio 2 pacientes habían recidivado a los 12 y 30 meses (borderline y benigno respectivamente). No hubo casos de metástasis linfáticas ni a distancia. Conclusiones: El TF tiene una baja frecuencia de presentación, su diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil recomendándose la biopsia core, sin embargo, suele confundirse con el fibroadenoma. El manejo con mastectomía parcial y bordes negativos tuvo una recidiva del 18 por ciento en esta serie.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Tumor Filoide/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Mastectomia Segmentar , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Tumor Filoide/diagnóstico , Tumor Filoide/patologia
17.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(1): 15-21, feb. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-561856

RESUMO

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignant tumor that arise from C cells. Surgical treatment and its results are controversial, so we decided to study it. Aim: To describe clinically MTC, treatment and outcomes in the long term. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with MTC operated in our hospital between the years 1987 and 2007. We analyzed the cli-nical characteristics, treatment, morbidity and long-term follow up. Results: There were 24 patients operated with a mean age of 46.1 +/- 16.6 years. The main form of presentation was painless increased cervical volume (56.2 percent). In 15 percent this pathology was part of a MEN 2b. All of them have had a total thyroidectomy, which was extended in 50 percent of cases. The 35.2 percent were multifocal, 29.4 percent bilateral and 62.5 percent had metastatic lymph node involvement. Five patients remained higher calcitonin levéis in the postoperative period and 9 patients recurred clinically on average 4.5 years after surgery. The presence of persistent disease was significantly associated with hereditary MTC (p = 0.0088) and the clinical recurrence was significantly determined by the presence of not expanded total thyroidectomy (p = 0.0196). The probability of surviving more than 19 years was 66.6 percent (95 percent CI = 0.24 to 0.89). Conclusions: The MTC is a rare tumour and treatment of choice is surgery. The persistent disease is associated with hereditary MTC form, and the clinical recurrence is associated with not expanded total thyroidectomy. We recommend total thyroidectomy with central voiding and radical modified jugular dissection.


Antecedentes: El carcinoma medular de tiroides (CMT) es un tumor maligno poco frecuente, originado a partir de las células C. Su tratamiento quirúrgico y resultados son controvertidos, por lo que hemos decidido estudiarlo. Objetivo: Describir clínicamente el CMT, tratamiento y resultados a largo plazo. Material y método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas clínicas de pacientes con CMT operados en nuestro hospital entre 1987 y el 2007. Se analizaron las características clínicas, tratamiento, morbilidad y seguimiento a largo plazo. Resultados: Se operaron 24 pacientes, cuya edad media fue 46,1 +/- 16,6 años. La principal forma de presentación fue aumento de volumen cervical (56,2 por ciento). Un 15 por ciento formaba parte de una NEM 2b. A todos se les realizó una tiroidectomía total, ampliada en el 50 por ciento de los casos. El 35,2 por ciento eran multifocales, el 29,4 por ciento bilaterales y el 62,5 por ciento tenía metástasis ganglionar. Cinco pacientes mantuvieron niveles de calcitonina elevados en el postoperatorio y nueve pacientes recurrieron clínicamente, en promedio, a los 4,5 años. La enfermedad persistente se asoció significativamente con CMT hereditario (p = 0,0088) y la recurrencia clínica a tiroidectomía total no ampliada (p = 0,0196). La probabilidad de sobrevivir más de 19 años fue 66,6 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento = 0,24 a 0,89). Conclusiones: EL CMT es un tumor raro cuyo tratamiento de elección es la cirugía. La persistencia de enfermedad se asocia con la forma hereditaria, y la recurrencia clínica con la tiroidectomía total no ampliada, lo que nos hace recomendar una tiroidectomía total asociada a vaciamiento central y disección yugular radical modificada.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Medular/cirurgia , Carcinoma Medular/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Evolução Clínica , Calcitonina/sangue , Carcinoma Medular/patologia , Carcinoma Medular/sangue , Seguimentos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/sangue , Período Pós-Operatório , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tireoidectomia
18.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 21(2): 135-141, 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-620978

RESUMO

A complication of bariatric surgery and especially gastric bypass are nutritional deficiencies that occur in the long term, being very important iron deficiency and anemia. Several mechanisms influence this, highlighting the exclusion of the duodenum and part of jejunum. Is in these places which have been described the presence of the iron transporter, which is over expressed in situations of iron deficiency. Special adaptation mechanisms may explain the maintenance of iron homeostasis in these patients. Associated with this, they require a specific nutritional management including diet and special supplements, however, despite this there is a proportion of patients who will develop the deficit and in some cases even become a major problem. Today we know several pathways, proteins and transporters involved in iron metabolism, mainly at the level of absorption, but little is known about the changes that occur at this level in people undergoing deficit, such as patients undergoing gastric bypass and the changes that occur here to optimize it metabolism. Here you will see a review of the iron metabolism and then a description of the changes that occur in its physiology following a gastric bypass.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo
19.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(6): 560-565, dic. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-556692

RESUMO

El tumor fibromixoide osificante corresponde a una neoplasia infrecuente, de comportamiento benigno pero que presenta recurrencia en un tercio de los casos, comportándose como un sarcoma de bajo grado. Se reporta el caso de una paciente operada de tiroides en dos oportunidades en 9 años, cuyo diagnóstico final fue tumor fibromixoide osificante.


Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts in an uncommon tumor with a benign behavior but with a tendency to relapse. We report a 76 years old female presenting with a growing mass located in the anterior portion of the neck that was excised. The pathological study disclosed an anaplastic thyroid cancer. The patient received chemotherapy and was lost from follow up. Nine years later, she presented with progressive dysphagia. A neck CT scan showed a mass in the left thyroid base that completely included the cervical esophagus. The patient was operated and the mass was excised. The pathological diagnosis disclosed an ossifying fibromyxoid tumor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Fibroma Ossificante/cirurgia , Fibroma Ossificante/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico
20.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(5): 467-470, oct. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-582107

RESUMO

We report an 18 years old male who reported a history of 2 years of recurrent episodes of hemoptysis with no other symptoms. A chest X-ray and chest CT sean showed an image suggestive of a metallic foreign body in the posterior segments of the right lower lobe. Since fibro-bronchoscopy failed to extract it, a video-thoracoscopy with wedge resection of the affected lung parenchyma was performed, finding a capsular lesion of inflammatory tissue, which contained a map pin in its interior. The clinical outcome was favorable, with a chest X-ray showing proper lung re-expansion. The patient was discharged 48 hours after surgery.


Se reporta el caso de un paciente hombre de 18 años con un cuerpo extraño pulmonar de presentación tardía, que consultó por un cuadro de 2 años de evolución de episodios de hemoptisis escasa y recurrente, sin otros síntomas asociados. Se realizó estudio con radiografía y TAC de tórax evidenciándose una imagen sugerente de un cuerpo extraño metálico en los segmentos posteriores del lóbulo inferior derecho. Dado que la fibrobroncoscopia resultó frustra se decidió realizar una videotoracoscopia con resección en cuña del parénquima pulmonar afectado, encontrándose una lesión capsular de tejido inflamatorio que en su interior contenía un chinche. La evolución clínica fue favorable, con radiografía de tórax de control con adecuada reexpansión pulmonar y dándose de alta a las 48 hrs postoperatorias.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Corpos Estranhos/cirurgia , Pulmão/cirurgia , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Hemoptise/etiologia , Pulmão , Toracoscopia
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